Planning a trip to Bhutan, the Land of the Thunder Dragon, to marvel at its picturesque landscapes, unique traditional attire, and vibrant festivals? Before you embark, it’s important to understand some of the distinct cultural characteristics of Bhutan.
Known as the “Happiest Country in the World,” Bhutan not only captivates with its breathtaking scenery and rich history but also with its fascinating culture that will leave you awestruck and eager to explore more.
Key Cultural Characteristics of Bhutan
Language: English as a Widely Spoken Second Language
Thanks to Bhutan’s modern education system, influenced by the British model and infused with national cultural values, English is widely spoken by nearly 80% of the population alongside Dzongkha, the native language. Visitors will find it relatively easy to communicate, as English serves as a second language throughout the country.
Traditional Attire Worn Daily
While traditional clothing is often reserved for special occasions in other nations, Bhutanese people wear their national dress every day. Men wear the “Gho”, and women wear the “Kira”—a sight you’ll encounter everywhere, from schools and offices to streets and restaurants. Those working in government positions are even required to wear traditional attire to work. Despite the dominance of traditional garments, Bhutanese women also embrace modern fashion when going out for leisure.
Family Structure: Polygamy Practices
Although fading, polygamy—where men or women can marry siblings—is still observed in some nomadic communities. For instance, Bhutan’s former king married four sisters in a single royal ceremony. Interestingly, Bhutanese people don’t use family surnames; instead, individuals are given two names at birth, often chosen and blessed by Buddhist monks.
Public and Social Culture
- Respect for Women
Women enjoy high regard in Bhutanese society. It’s not unusual to see women out with friends late into the night, free from judgment. - Preserved Architecture
Bhutan’s towns and streets are renowned for their well-preserved traditional architecture, including centuries-old fortresses known as Dzongs, which are now used as administrative and religious centers.
Culinary Culture
Bhutanese cuisine is heavily influenced by Indian and Tibetan cooking styles. Most dishes are spiced with red chilies to counter the cold weather in the high-altitude region. The staple meal typically consists of rice, meat (pork, chicken, or beef), and vegetables such as spinach, pumpkin, or radishes. Bhutanese food is less greasy than Chinese cuisine but much spicier than Tibetan food.
Popular beverages:
- Tsheringma Herbal Tea: Named after the goddess of longevity and wealth.
- Arag: A traditional, warm alcoholic drink.
- Butter Tea: A warm, creamy beverage made with Tibetan butter.
Recreation and Entertainment
- Archery:
Archery is Bhutan’s national sport and a source of great pride. Unlike standard archery, Bhutanese games involve rival teams trying to distract each other while wearing traditional attire, adding a playful and colorful twist to the competition. - Late Adoption of Technology:
Bhutan only legalized television and the internet in 1999, marking it as one of the last countries in the world to introduce such technology.
Traditional Festivals
Festivals, known as Tsechus, are integral to Bhutanese culture. They are held at monasteries and temples, often during late summer and early autumn, when auspicious dates align with the Bhutanese calendar. These vibrant events honor Guru Rinpoche, the monk who introduced Buddhism to Bhutan in the 8th century.
The colorful dances, elaborate costumes, and community participation in these festivals reflect Bhutan’s rich traditions and deep spiritual roots.
This unique blend of language, clothing, traditions, and spirituality makes Bhutan one of the most culturally distinctive destinations in the world.